| ┌1A. | Leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
variously pinnatePinnate: Pinnate Venation.
ly divided and/or perforateForate: With aperatures or openings.
d .. 2
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| │ | ┌2A. | Leaves variously pinnatePinnate: Pinnate Venation.
ly divided and/or perforateForate: With aperatures or openings.
d. Plants flowering on adherent stems .. 3
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| │ | └2B. | Leaves with scattered, small perforations. Plants flowering on free lateral stems. Sumatera. Nusa Tenggara .. 📌17. Rhaphidophora puberula
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| │ | │ | ┌3A. | Flowering plants climbing .. 4
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| │ | │ | │ | ┌4A. | Leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
of mature plants slightly to extensively perforateForate: With aperatures or openings.
d. perforations round to rhombicRhombic: 
extending c. quarter of laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
width on each side of the midrib, abaxialAbaxial: Facing away from the stem of a plant (especially denoting the lower surface of a leaf).
surface of laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
with pubescentPubescent: With a hairy surface.
veinVein: Venation types: A. midrib; B. primary lateral veins; C. interprimaray veins; D. secondary veins; E. collective veins; F. tertiary veins; G. basal ribs; H. basal veins. 
s: active shoot tips with black mucilage. Sumatera .. .. 📌7. Rhaphidophora foraminifera
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| │ | │ | │ | └4B. | Leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
of mature plants pinnatisectPinnatisect: Having lobes with incisions that extend almost, or up to midrib.
, the pinnaPinna: A primary division of a pinnate leaf.
e often perforateForate: With aperatures or openings.
d basalBasal: Forming or belonging to a bottom layer or base.
ly and appearing stilted, laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
always glabrousGlabrous: Smooth. Free from hair or down.
: active shoot lips with sparse to copious netted fibre. Sumatera, Java, Sulawesi and Maluku .. 📌9. Rhaphidophora korthalsii
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| │ | │ | │ | └3B. | Flowering plants rheophyticRheophytic: An aquatic plant that lives in fast moving water currents.
, not climbing. Sumatera .. 📌4. Rhaphidophora beccarii
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| ├1B. | Leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
entire .. 5
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| │ | ┌5A. | AbaxialAbaxial: Facing away from the stem of a plant (especially denoting the lower surface of a leaf).
surface of laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
and apicalApical: Of, relating to, or denoting an apex.
geniculum pubescentPubescent: With a hairy surface.
. Sumatera. Nusa Tenggara .. 📌17. Rhaphidophora puberula
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| │ | ├5B. | LaminaLamina: Leaf blade.
and apicalApical: Of, relating to, or denoting an apex.
geniculum glabrousGlabrous: Smooth. Free from hair or down.
.. 6
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| │ | │ | ┌6A. | Flowering shoots consisting of scattered fans carried on short stout shoots and held at about 90° to the ± leafless main stem. Sumatera .. 📌1. Rhaphidophora angustata
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| │ | │ | ├6B. | Flowering shoots not as above .. 7
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| │ | │ | │ | ┌7A. | Plant terrestrial or rheophyticRheophytic: An aquatic plant that lives in fast moving water currents.
.. 8
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌8A. | PedunclePeduncle: Flower stem.
much shorter than petiolePetiole: Leaf stem.
. spatheSpathe: A large sheathing bract enclosing the flower cluster.
6.5-7 cm. spadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
4.5- 7 cm. sessileSessile: Attached directly by its base without a stalk or peduncle.
. Plant habitually rheophyticRheophytic: An aquatic plant that lives in fast moving water currents.
. Sumatera .. 📌4. Rhaphidophora beccarii
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | └8B. | PedunclePeduncle: Flower stem.
subequalling or exceeding petiolePetiole: Leaf stem.
s. spatheSpathe: A large sheathing bract enclosing the flower cluster.
4-5 cm. spadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
2.4-3.2 cm. stipitateStipitate: Having a stalk or stem.
. Plant terrestrial, perhaps occasionally rheophyticRheophytic: An aquatic plant that lives in fast moving water currents.
. Sumatera (endemic) .. 📌2. Rhaphidophora araea
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| │ | │ | │ | ├7B. | Plant climbing .. 9
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌9A. | Flowering plant with leaves appressed to substrate and shingling on adherent shoots. slightly scattered on flowering shoots. Maluku (ternate. Halmahera - endemic) .. 📌16. Rhaphidophora parvifolia
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | ├9B. | Flowering plant not as above .. 10
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌10A. | Stems scabrid to asperous. SpatheSpathe: A large sheathing bract enclosing the flower cluster.
exterior minutely puberulentPuberulent: Covered in soft, downy hairs.
. Sumatera. Sulawesi .. 📌10. Rhaphidophora lobbii
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ├10B. | Stems smooth. SpatheSpathe: A large sheathing bract enclosing the flower cluster.
exterior glabrousGlabrous: Smooth. Free from hair or down.
.. 11
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌11A. | Adherent stems square or rectangular in cross-section: tips of active stems with netted prophyllProphyll: One of two first leaves to appear on a lateral shoot, usually smaller than the leaves that follow.
. cataphyllCataphyll: A reduced, small leaf. Usually used to describe a modified leaf which lacks a blade and in appearance corresponds to a petiole sheath.
and petiolar sheath. Sumatera .. 📌11. Rhaphidophora maingayi
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ├11B. | Adherent stems variously shaped in cross-section: lips of active stems without fibrous material .. 12
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌12A. | SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
stipitateStipitate: Having a stalk or stem.
.. 13
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌13A. | Leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
thickly coriaceousCoriaceous: Resembling or having the texture of leather.
. Sumatera .. 📌5. Rhaphidophora conocephala
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ├13B. | Leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
variously textured but not thickly coriaceousCoriaceous: Resembling or having the texture of leather.
.. 14
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌14A. | LaminaLamina: Leaf blade.
at least 7 times longer than wide, narrowly falcale-lanceolateLanceolate: 
to narrowly falcateFalcate: Curved like a sickle; hooked.
-oblanceolateLanceolate:
. Sulawesi (endemic) .. 📌18. Rhaphidophora sabit
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ├14B. | LaminaLamina: Leaf blade.
no more than 5 limes longer than wide .. 15
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌15A. | SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
at anthesisAnthesis: The period during which pollen is presented and/or the stigma is receptive.
8-15 cm long .. 16
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌16A. | Calaphyll, prophyllProphyll: One of two first leaves to appear on a lateral shoot, usually smaller than the leaves that follow.
and petiolar sheath fibres present. Primary lateral veinVein: Venation types: A. midrib; B. primary lateral veins; C. interprimaray veins; D. secondary veins; E. collective veins; F. tertiary veins; G. basal ribs; H. basal veins.
s significantly more prominent than interprimaries. StigmaStigma: The receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower.
elongate to rounded, raised. Maluku (Ternate. Ceram - endemic) .. 📌.22. Rhaphidophora ternatensis
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ├16B. | CataphyllCataphyll: A reduced, small leaf. Usually used to describe a modified leaf which lacks a blade and in appearance corresponds to a petiole sheath.
, prophyllProphyll: One of two first leaves to appear on a lateral shoot, usually smaller than the leaves that follow.
and peliolar sheath fibres absent. Primary lateral veinVein: Venation types: A. midrib; B. primary lateral veins; C. interprimaray veins; D. secondary veins; E. collective veins; F. tertiary veins; G. basal ribs; H. basal veins.
s thicker and clearly differentiated from interprimaries. StigmaStigma: The receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower.
s various .. 17
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌17A. | SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
at anthesisAnthesis: The period during which pollen is presented and/or the stigma is receptive.
11 - 15 cm long: stigmaStigma: The receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower.
round, flat. Maluku (Ternate, Buru - endemic) .. 📌3. Rhaphidophora balgooyi
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | └17B. | SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
at anthesisAnthesis: The period during which pollen is presented and/or the stigma is receptive.
8-10 cm long; stigmaStigma: The receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower.
punctiform, raised. Sulawesi (endemic) .. 📌19. Rhaphidophora sarasinorum
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ├15B. | SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
at anthesisAnthesis: The period during which pollen is presented and/or the stigma is receptive.
no more than 7.5 cm long .. 18
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌18A. | Leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
on flowering shoots elliplic-lanceolateLanceolate:
to oblongOblong: 
-ellipticElliptic: 
, stiffly coriaceousCoriaceous: Resembling or having the texture of leather.
. base cuneateCuneate: 
, apexApex: End forming a point.
acuminateAcuminate: Tapering to a point.
to attenuate with a prominent tubule. Sulawesi (endemic) .. 📌8. Rhaphidophora koordersii
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | └18B. | Leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
on flowering shoots lanceolateLanceolate:
to oblongOblong:
lanceolateLanceolate:
, ± falcateFalcate: Curved like a sickle; hooked.
, thinly coriaceousCoriaceous: Resembling or having the texture of leather.
, base acute, apexApex: End forming a point.
acute to long-acuminateAcuminate: Tapering to a point.
with a slight tubule. Maluku(Ternate, Tidore, Ceram - endemic) .. .. 📌15. Rhaphidophora oligosperma
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ├12B. | SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
sessileSessile: Attached directly by its base without a stalk or peduncle.
.. 19
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌19A. | SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
at anthesisAnthesis: The period during which pollen is presented and/or the stigma is receptive.
3.5-8.5 cm long .. 20
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | └19B. | SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
at anthesisAnthesis: The period during which pollen is presented and/or the stigma is receptive.
9-20 cm long. Sumatera, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Sulawesi .. 📌14. Rhaphidophora montana
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌20A. | SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
clavateClavate: Club-shaped; thicker at the apex than at the base.
-cylindrical .. 21
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌21A. | Leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
notably coriaceousCoriaceous: Resembling or having the texture of leather.
. StigmaStigma: The receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower.
s c. 1 mm diam., the middle excavated, the edges prominently raised. Sumatera (endemic) .. .. 📌12. Rhaphidophora megastigma
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ├21B. | Leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
not notably coriaceousCoriaceous: Resembling or having the texture of leather.
, mostly rather thin. StigmaStigma: The receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower.
s not as above or if as large then not excavated and lacking a prominently raised edge .. 22
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌22A. | SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
not more than 3 cm long at anthesisAnthesis: The period during which pollen is presented and/or the stigma is receptive.
. Sulawesi (endemic) .. .. 📌23. Rhaphidophora teysmanniana
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ├22B. | SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
exceeding 3 cm. often up to 6 cm long. at anthesisAnthesis: The period during which pollen is presented and/or the stigma is receptive.
.. 23
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌23A. | Flowering shoots stems ± rectangular in cross-section. SpatheSpathe: A large sheathing bract enclosing the flower cluster.
beak short. Sumatera, Java, Nusa Tenggara .. 📌20. Rhaphidophora sylvestris
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | └23B. | Flowering shoots tereteTerete: Cylindrical or slightly tapering, and without substantial furrows or ridges.
in cross-section. SpatheSpathe: A large sheathing bract enclosing the flower cluster.
beak long. Sumatera (endemic) .. 📌21. Rhaphidophora talamauana
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ├20B. | SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
cylindrical to tapering cylindrical .. 24
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌24A. | Leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
2.5-16 x 1.2-3 cm, drying uniformly pale straw-coloured. SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
slender cylindrical, 2.5-7 cm long. Sumatera, Sulawesi .. 📌13. Rhaphidophora minor
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ├24B. | Leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
21-34 x 4-7 cm. drying darker above, paler below. SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
tapering cylindrical. 6.5-8.5 cm long .. 25
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | ┌25A. | PetiolePetiole: Leaf stem.
drying pale with apicalApical: Of, relating to, or denoting an apex.
geniculum much darker. leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
drying strongly discolorous. pale yellow-hrown abaxialAbaxial: Facing away from the stem of a plant (especially denoting the lower surface of a leaf).
ly. mid-brown adaxially. SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
strongly tapering-cylindrical: stigmaStigma: The receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower.
discoid. flat. Sumatera (Pulau Enggano - endemic) .. 📌24. Rhaphidophora ustulata
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| │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | │ | └25B. | PetiolePetiole: Leaf stem.
drying ± uniformly mid-brown. leaf laminaLamina: Leaf blade.
drying barely discolorous. SpadixSpadix: A spike of minute flowers closely arranged around a fleshy axis and typically enclosed in a spathe.
slightly tapering-cylindrical; stigmaStigma: The receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower.
punctiform. raised. Nusa Tenggara (Pulau Flores - endemic) .. 📌6. Rhaphidophora floresensis
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